Core international crimes:

Crime of Aggression

Crimes Against Humanity

Genocide

War Crimes



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Domestic Legislation | Judicial Decisions | Resources and Links





Domestic legislation for serious crimes under international law

Crimes

Crime of Aggression

No provision

Crimes Against Humanity

Crimes against humanity are provided for under Article 439 of the Criminal Code of Romania. See:

  • Criminal Code of Romania. Law No. 286 of 17 July 2009. [ENG]

    Crimes committed during the II World War:

  • Law to prosecute and punish war criminals and profiteers. (Excerpts)
    Law No. 50, Monitorul Oficial, No. 17, 21 January 1945, p. 415-418. [ENG]

  • Legea Nr. 50/1945 pentru urmarirea si pedepsirea criminalilor si profitorilor de razboi.
    Legea Nr. 50, Monitorul Oficial,Nr. 17, 21 ianuarie 1945, p. 415-418. [RON]. [pdf document 1.8Mb]

  • Legea nr. 51/1945 pentru urmarirea si sanctionarea vinovati de dezastrul tarii. (Law No. 51 for bringing to justice those guilty for the Holocaust).
    Legea Nr. 51, Monitorul Oficial, Nr. 17, 21 ianuarie 1945, p. 418-419. [RON]. [pdf document]

    Genocide

    Genocide is provided for under Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Romania. See:

  • Criminal Code of Romania. Law No. 286 of 17 July 2009. [ENG]

    War Crimes

    War crimes are provided for under Articles 440-444 of the Criminal Code of Romania. See:

  • Criminal Code of Romania. Law No. 286 of 17 July 2009. [ENG]

    Crimes committed during the II World War:

  • Law to prosecute and punish war criminals and profiteers. (Excerpts)
    Law No. 50, Monitorul Oficial, No. 17, 21 January 1945, p. 415-418. [ENG]

  • Legea Nr. 50/1945 pentru urmarirea si pedepsirea criminalilor si profitorilor de razboi.
    Legea Nr. 50, Monitorul Oficial,Nr. 17, 21 ianuarie 1945, p. 415-418. [RON]. [pdf document 1.8Mb]

  • Legea nr. 51/1945 pentru urmarirea si sanctionarea vinovati de dezastrul tarii. (Law No. 51 for bringing to justice those guilty for the Holocaust).
    Legea Nr. 51, Monitorul Oficial, Nr. 17, 21 ianuarie 1945, p. 418-419. [RON]. [pdf document]

    Related Documents:

  • Law No. 56/1997 to implement the provisions of the Convention on the prohibitions of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction. Law No. 56 of 24 March 1997. [ENG]

  • Law on the National Red Cross Society of Romania. Monitorul Oficial, No. 303, p. 9-11, Bucharest, 30 December 1995. [ENG]

    Jurisdiction

    The jurisdictional regime of the criminal law of Romania is provided for under Articles 7-13 of the Criminal Code. More particularly, Article 11 concerns the "Universality of criminal law" and Article 12 the "Criminal law and the international treaties". See:

  • Criminal Code of Romania. Law No. 286 of 17 July 2009. [ENG]

    For incompatibilities and conflict of interests affecting crimes against humanity, genocide and war crimes see also Article 130 of the Law No. 187/2012 for the implementation of Law no. 286/2009 on the Criminal Code. [Full text available under the "Resources and Links" section below.]

    Additionally, Article 20 of the Constitution states:
      "Article 20
      (1) Constitutional provisions concerning the citizens' rights and liberties shall be interpreted and enforced in conformity with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with the convenants and other treaties Romania is a party to.
      (2) Where any inconsistencies exist between the covenants and treaties on the fundamental human rights Romania is a party to, and the national laws, the international regulations shall take precedence, unless the Constitution or national laws comprise more favourable provisions."
      [See full text under the "Resources and Links" section below.]

    Ad-hoc Tribunals

  • Law No. 159 regarding the cooperation of the Romanian authorities with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Law No. 159, 28 July 1998. [ENG]

    International Criminal Court

    Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Romania signed the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 07 July 1999 and deposited its instrument of ratification on 11 April 2002.

    Upon ratification Romania made the following notification under article 87 (1) and (2) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court:
      "1. With reference to article 87 paragraph 1 (a) of the Statute, the Ministry of Justice is the Romanian authority competent to receive the requests of the International Criminal Court, to send them immediately for resolution to the Romanian judicial competent bodies, and to communicate to the International Criminal Court the relevant documents:

      2. With reference to article 87 paragraph 2 of the Statute, the requests of the International Criminal Court and the relevant documents shall be transmitted in the English language, or accompanied by official translations in this language."


  • Judicial Decisions

  • Ion Ficior Case.
    The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and the Memory of the Romanian Exile. [RON/ENG]. [Last accessed 09Dec17]. [External Link]
      The former commander of Periprava labour colony, Ioan Ficior, was sentenced by the Bucharest Court of Appeal on March 30, 2016, to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity.

  • Alexandru Visinescu Case.
    The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and the Memory of the Romanian Exile. [RON/ENG]. [Last accessed 09Dec17]. [External Link]
      The High Court of Cassation and Justice made the final ruling on February 10, 2016, in the case of the former commander of the Rāmnicu Sārat Penitentiary, Alexandru Visinescu, and sentenced him to 20 years in prison for crimes against humanity.

  • Criminal Complaints.
    The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and the Memory of the Romanian Exile. [RON/ENG]. [Last accessed 09Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Resources and Links

  • Constitution of Romania.
    Parliament of Romania. [ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Constitution of Romania. (1991 with Amendments through 2003).
    Comparative Constitutions Project, University of Texas at Austin. [ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link to pdf document]

  • Codul Penal din 17 iulie 2009. (Legea nr. 286/2009). (Monitorul Oficial, nr. 510 din 24 iulie 2009).
    Portal Legislativ, Ministry of Justice of Romania. [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Codul Penal din 2009. Legea nr. 286/2009 - Codul Penal Noul Cod Penal. (Monitorul Oficial, Partea I nr. 510 din 24 iulie 2009).
    DreptOnline. [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Legea nr. 187/2012 pentru punerea īn aplicare a Legii nr. 286/2009 privind Codul penal. Monitorul oficial al Romāniei, Partea 1, nr. 757, 12 noiembrie 2012. (Criminal Code Implementing Law)
    DreptOnline. [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • The new Code of Criminal Procedure.
    Portal Legislativ, Ministry of Justice of Romania. [ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link to .doc document]

  • Portal Legislativ.
    Ministry of Justice of Romania. [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Noile Coduri / New Codes.
    Portal Legislativ, Ministry of Justice of Romania. [RON/ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Monitorul Oficial. (State Official Gazette)
    [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Monitorul Oficial.
    DreptOnline. [RON]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • The Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes and the Memory of the Romanian Exile.
    [RON/ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • Romanian Law Online: Romanian Law Resources.
    DreptOnline. [ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]

  • List of International Humanitarian Law Treaties to which Romania is a State party. [ENG]
    International Committee of the Red Cross. [ENG]. [Last accessed 08Dec17]. [External Link]