United States Senate
PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

Carl Levin, Chairmain
Tom Coburn, Ranking Minority Member


WALL STREET AND
THE FINANCIAL CRISIS:

Anatomy of a Financial Collapse

MAJORITY AND MINORITY
STAFF REPORT

PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE
ON INVESTIGATIONS

UNITED STATES SENATE

APRIL 13, 2011


SENATOR CARL LEVIN
Chairman

SENATOR TONM COBURN, M.D.
Ranking Minority Member

PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS

ELISE J. BEAN
Staff Director and Chief Counsel
ROBERT L. ROACH
Counsel and Chief Investigator
LAURA E. STUBER
Counsel
ZACHARY I. SCHRAM
Counsel
DANIEL J. GOSHORN
Counsel
DAVID H. KATZ
Counsel
ALLISON F. MURPHY
Counsel
ADAM C. HENDERSON
Professionnal Staff Member

PAULINE E. CALANDE
SEC Detaillee

MICHAEL J. MARTINEAU
DOJ Detailee

CHRISTOPHER J. BARKLEY
Staff Director to the Minority
ANTHONY G. COTTO
Counsel to the Minority
KEITH B. ASHDOWN
Chief Investigator to the Minority
JUSTIN J. ROOD
Senior Investigator to the Minority

VANESSA CAREIRO
Law Clerk
BRITTANY CLEMENT
Law Clerk
DAVID DeBARROS
Law Clerk
ERIN HELLING
Law Clerk

HELENA MAN
Law Clerk
JOSHUA NIMMO
Intern
ROBERT PECKERMAN
Intern
TANVI ZAVERI
Law Clerk

MARY D. ROBERTSON
Chief Clerk


In the fall of 2008, America suffered a devastating economic collapse. Once valuable securities lost most or all of their value, debt markets froze, stock markets plunged, and storied financial firms went under. Millions of Americans lost their jobs; millions of families lost their homes; and good businesses shut down. These events cast the United States into an economic recession so deep that the country has yet to fully recover.

This Report is the product of a two-year, bipartisan investigation by the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations into the origins of the 2008 financial crisis. The goals of this investigation were to construct a public record of the facts in order to deepen the understanding of what happened; identify some of the root causes of the crisis; and provide a factual foundation for the ongoing effort to fortify the country against the recurrence of a similar crisis in the future.

Using internal documents, communications, and interviews, the Report attempts to provide the clearest picture yet of what took place inside the walls of some of the financial institutions and regulatory agencies that contributed to the crisis. The investigation found that the crisis was not a natural disaster, but the result of high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; and the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street.

While this Report does not attempt to examine every key moment, or analyze every important cause of the crisis, it provides new, detailed, and compelling evidence of what happened. In so doing, we hope the Report leads to solutions that prevent it from happening again.


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